How does radon change in the environment?
Radon can move easily through rock and soil and arrive at the surface. The half-life of radon-222 is 3.8 days. As it undergoes radioactive decay, radon-222 releases alpha radiation and changes to polonium-218, a short-lived radioactive solid. After several more transformations (loss of particles or electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus), the series ends at lead-206, which is stable.Radon dissolves in water, and easily leaves water that is exposed to the atmosphere, especially if the water is agitated. Consequently, radon levels are very low in rivers and lakes, but water drawn from underground can have elevated radon concentrations. Radon that decays in water, leaves only solid decay products which will remain in the water as they decay to stable lead.
How Radon Enters Your Home
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas produced by the breakdown of uranium in soil, rock, and water.Air pressure inside your home is usually lower than pressure in the soil around your home's foundation. Because of this difference in pressure, your home acts like a vacuum, drawing radon in through foundation cracks and other openings.
Radon also may be present in well water. In a small number of homes, the building materials — such as granite and certain concrete products — can give off radon, although building materials rarely cause radon problems by themselves. In the United States, radon gas in soils is the principal source of elevated radon levels in homes.
Radon is a Cancer-causing, Radioactive Gas
Radon is estimated to cause many tens of thousands of lung cancer deaths each year. In fact, the Surgeon General has warned that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Only smoking causes more lung cancer deaths. If you smoke and your home has high radon levels, your risk of lung cancer is especially high.
sources:
http://www.epa.gov/radon/pubs/consguid.html#howenters
http://www.epa.gov/radiation/radionuclides/radon.html#environment
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